ABSTRACT. With the possibility to exchange consumption information over the internet, rating websites have emerged in large quantity. Also, healthcare evaluations, especially physician ratings, are part of this trend. The volume of physician rating websites shows the same quantity of different rating criteria on which patients can evaluate their physician and healthcare service. We adapted patient satisfaction literature to generate a framework how these ratings constitute. A quantitative study in south-ern Germany was conducted to evaluate the research model using structural equa-tion modelling. Our findings show several implications on how a rating frame-work should look like and also how patients should interpret physician ratings in terms of their information value. In essence, physician ratings cannot accurately predict the quality of the healthcare service, but are rather a measure how sympa-thetic the physician appears to the patient.

ABSTRACT. This paper examines recombinability as a quality of digital infrastructures. The recombination of heterogenous digital capabilities enables and increas-es the fit between the infrastructure and the practices it supports. However, there is yet limited understanding of how recombinability is supported and designed for in digital infrastructures. This issue is critical in the healthcare setting where information and data needs of patients a health personnel vary in scope and time. This study reports from a comparative case study on the design and use of two patient-centered digital infrastructures and identi-fy two strategies by which recombinability is supported.

ABSTRACT. Companies are currently subject to an increasing amount of heterogeneous, structured and unstructured data. Furthermore, these data are subject to continuous and very rapid changes. Companies are therefore forced to update their technologies to store and analyze data in order to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market. Digitalization and dematerialization of documents are increasingly needed especially for companies with a large amount of data to manage or store. The efficiency of the process must be balanced to risk management which is a key factor of success for organization as risks are part of every business activity. Compliance is an integral part of risk management with not only economic implications but also on the legal and liability level. This paper proposes a methodological framework to investigate risks and compliance in reorganizations by adopting a Business Process Management perspective that includes modeling and simulation of business processes. We applied our methodology to processes in a Blood Bank department of a large hospital. Our results show that a simulation-driven approach is an effective way to provide a decision support to guide department's managers to the reorganization and verify, before implementation, the balance between efficiency of the reorganization of activities, risk management and compliance. In addition, digitalization in the health sector would facilitate the self-reporting of errors (methodology encouraged by the Joint Commition for accreditation and certification in Healthcare), that increase transparency. Reporting such incidents can provide a variety of information about successful error management practices as well as weaknesses.

ABSTRACT. Sustainability debate in the food sector has encouraged a significant rise of Alternative Food Networks as new ways of food consumption and provision based on a short food supply chain and new business models. Our study is focused on the so-called Food Assembly, an AFN born as a social and collaborative enterprise in France in 2010 and developed in the major European countries with more than 1,400 assemblies in 2017. The novelty of FA lies in the use of a digital platform, allowing to match onsite key factors (farmers’ market and physical relationship) with online ones (e-commerce and social network relationship) to enhance participative and self-organized communities. This paper, built on the social capital theory and the knowledge-based view, examines if and to what extent knowledge sharing, through online and onsite relations, fosters sustainable food production and consumption processes. To do so, we developed a quantitative analysis based on a regression model, with the data collected with a questionnaire submitted to 8,497 Italian Food Assembly customers. The results show that knowledge sharing positively affects the success of the business model analysed. This relation is further reinforced by customers’ community-oriented attitudes and sustainability motivations. The results also show that social capital and active engagement will increase with an effective mixture of online and offline community interactions, while the role of social media is quite irrelevant. These results highlight innovative elements, that could be helpful both for the literature and for practitioner, to the relationship between value and knowledge sharing and the success of FA business model.

ABSTRACT. The increasingly use of social online services has contributed to raising interest in studying a renewed active contribution of individuals to business development processes and value creation. As in knowledge-based organizations the phenomenon of value creation refers to intangible assets, in this study we apply a validated refined framework for intellectual capital (IC) analysis. Accordingly, IC can be grouped into three dimensions: a) human capital (HC); b) structural capital (SC); and c) relational capital (RC). Because of their characterizations, Communities represent a privileged place for IC analysis on an individual and collective level. The unit of analysis of our integrated step-by-step methodology are two online communities of practice (CoPs), operating within one of the most important Italian telecommunication company (TIM S.p.A.). As a result of their empirical investigation, this integrated approach is able to provide both academics and practitioners with an effective tool for assessing intellectual capital and its related dimensions.

ABSTRACT. Critical thinking is defined as a systematic habit of being able to question information, confront different information sources seeking diversity of points of view, understanding statements, and being able to make inferences out of information. Critical thinking is an active behavior against infor-mation processing which influence in a positive way individual and organ-izational decision making. While different levels of critical thinking can be observed in different individuals, millennials are reputed to possess low critical thinking skills given their habit of passively receiving information through social media. In this paper we study the critical thinking skills of millennials, and we explore the level of critical thinking shown in relation to the reported intensity of use of social media and of other traditional me-dia for information acquisition. The paper is based on a quantitative analy-sis of an incidental sample of 424 millennials.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. This paper aims at investigating the relationship between work changes and Information and Communication Technology usage for professional purposes, which are two major concepts in current research on working environment and its conditions for fostering job satisfaction, a really important and well recognized outcome. In order to pursue our goal, the paper is organized in the following way. In the first part, a brief overview of work changes is provided, together with a review of recent literature linking current contributions within the two chosen areas of study, and hypothesis to test are suggested. In the second part, results of the analysis - carried out on a sample of European employees (N=21,540) taken from the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey-EWCS 2015 - is described. Finally, first interesting counter-intuitive evidence is discussed and concluding remarks on managerial implications of our enquiry about a ‘good’ management of ICTs are reported.

ABSTRACT. This contribution explores the role of business process simulation to address change management projects dealing with organizational growth. In particular, we consider the adoption of new ICT applications in the context of a growing Small Medium Enterprise based in northern Italy. As income doubled in very few years, managers exploited the opportunity to implement a more efficient material resource planning together with an accurate business process analysis. First, the organization was modeled by adopting standard notation BPMN 2.0. Second, data analysis explores organization details as orders arrival, duration of activities, staff working hours. Finally, discrete-event simulation of business processes offers interesting suggestions by varying incoming transactions as well as different parameters in the model. The approach clearly shows how modeling, computational simulation and scenario analysis of business processes are suitable tools to support organizational change.

ABSTRACT. As the next wave of technological change has started to emerge in the workplace, it is timely to explore the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on work [1]. As Morgan (2014) [2] notes, there are many fascinating things happening in the world of technology that are impacting on work. Today, successful organisations are increasingly characterized by the ability to abandon now inappropriate working configurations [3] to support new organisational principles, new methods and tools through which work practices are accomplished [4]. The use of ICT provides an opportunity to be innovative in when we work, where we work and the way we work [5]. Specifically, there has been a noticeable diffusion among organisations of innovative ways of working and growing opportunities for their employees to perform work activities remotely, let them generally free to choose where (places) and when (time) carry out the assigned activities (spatial-temporal flexibility). This resulted in an increasing interest showed by both academics and practitioners towards different typologies of remote work arrangements, including telework, home-based telework, mobile work, virtual teams and, more recently, smart work (or smart working - SW). Specifically, SW has the potential to offer a wide range of individuals an alternative to traditional work arrangements. SW succeeds in modifying traditional work conditions and their natural environment, searching different and (till now) not totally and uniquely defined solutions, essentially grounded on a greater discretion in work activities and on a larger responsibility towards results workers are requested to provide. These two elements together are indeed believed to favor better performances by workers and so to increase competitiveness [6, 7] essential for enterprises’ survival and development [8]. This connection explains the increasing interest for SW by the business world and by the consultancy, that offer support for the realization of projects in the field [9, 10, 11]. Furthermore, over the last few years managers have started to acknowledge the potential advantages offered to both employees and organizations by SW. Howcroft and Taylor (2014) [12] point out that society is seeing a new wave of revolutionary technology that provides the platform for significant change in the way people work. These changes are creating renewed interest in how work is conceptualized – what we describe as the ‘smart-side’ of technology. Also in the Italian context – especially after the adoption of the Law n.81/2017 - Smart Working (SW) has emerged as a “new” way to define what is considered as an innovative approach to work organization and human resource management. The law has been approved to encourage companies to adopt smart working overcoming the impasse on telework by creating new rules with lightweight characteristics and obligations. In the public sector, instead, it was recently issued a government directive for civil servants, intended to stimulate a deep cultural change in the concept of work: the shift from "stamping the time-card" to work for goals, where the worker have large freedom to self-organize job as long as they meet the goals set at the due dates. The innovative part of the directive is to configure smart working as an organizational tool and not as a contractual type, with the aim of making it workable by all employees who carry out tasks that are compatible with smart working. Unfortunately, although with large exceptions, many teleworking experiences in both companies and public administrations were often still seen as "other than themselves" in relation to the organizational ratio and have remained limited, numerically marginal, and do not really affect the organization's form. In Italy, this process was particularly evident with the entry into force of reforms of public sector, which in the mid-2000s paid particular attention to the check of the physical presence of the employee in the work premises. This made difficult the adoption of telework and other flexible forms of work. Instead, introducing teleworking in public work should be part of a joint cost optimization and organizational problem solving strategy to create new time and space arrangements that can lead to better productivity. Perhaps the fundamental exchange that teleworking and smart working assume is between a greater freedom of the worker and a lower cost for Public Administrations. In this frame, this paper proposes a conceptual models to better define SW. Furthermore, analyzing the Presidency of the Council of Ministers case study the papers aims to investigate the nature and the dynamics of SW answering to the following questions: i) to what extent is the interface between organizational model for working and new technology contextually bound? ii) what are the combination of the different elements affecting the configuration of SW? iii) what are the outcomes of SW likely to be for smart-workers, organizations and society? Since only limited empirical research on how organisations deal with the adoption of SW has been found an explorative approach has been chosen. Particularly, the research being reported in this chapter involved the case study of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers in the adoption of SW since 2016. Other scholars used the case study approach to examine SW [13]. According to our exploratory approach, we selected Presidency of the Council of Ministers as an exemplar case study [14], with unique circumstances. In particular, in Presidency of the Council of Ministers, the project on SW begun prior to the regulatory intervention by Italian legislation. Only in 2017 the Law n. 81/2017 clearly defined agile work and the purposes of its adoption within organisations. In this setting, we analyzed five different building blocks in order to understand both why and how SW has been adopted and what the outcomes obtained by a SW organisational model: a) context (external and internal conditions and elements); b) ICT element (the usage of ICT based solutions); c) layout element (configuration of the workplace and of the office layout); d) HR element (innovations in the HR practices and in the organizational model); e) SW outcomes (individual, organizational and societal outcomes). The information gathered during this research relates to the results of the pilot phase, which began in 2016 and it is still ongoing. From a methodological point of view, data and information collection period is particularly significant for our analysis, since it allows us to better define the nature and the relevance of the collected information. The longitudinal approach used in the observation of the project development led to the analysis of context, groups, and individuals dynamics, concerning the adoption of SW.

ABSTRACT. Although Open Science now enjoys widespread support across scientific and technological communities, institutional and cultural barriers still exist and lack of investment in knowledge to foster Open Science. Generally open research processes are based on information systems infrastructures, such as informatics platforms where efficient web interfaces should be developed in order to easily record and share open data. Moreover, Open Science requires a systemic shift in current practices to bring transparency across the system, to ensure on-going sustainability for the associated social and physical infrastructures, and to foster greater public trust in Science. Until now, literature has focused the attention more on the final phases of the research process and, in particular, on Open Access, that is only one of the final steps of the Open Science research process. In this perspective, our research focuses on Open Science infrastructures considering the openness and transparency attributes, with the aim to identify a theoretical model able to assess web interfaces of Open Science Platforms.

ABSTRACT. The role of cloud computing in today's world of globalization has seen as a major contribution for application development and deployment. Many enterprises see cloud computing as a platform for organizational and economic benefit. Managing digital identities and access control for cloud users and applications remains one of the greatest challenges facing cloud computing today. The aim of the paper is to summarise the results of the ProCIDA research project funded under Regional Operational Programme" Insieme x Vincere", co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, where a digital platform has been developed in order to simplify access to different kind of digital services (public and private) using the digital identity.

ABSTRACT. This research-in-progress paper provides some preliminary insights to scholars who intend to investigate value co-creation process within online communities. This contribution presents the results of a literature analysis using bibliometric data of 246 articles debating this specific topic. The analysis shows the main re-search areas discussing value co-creation issues within online communities, se-lecting and describing the main cited references. Moreover, using social network analysis tools, it was possible to recognize the main connection among the most cited references (co-citation analysis) and the most used keywords and the con-nections among them. This quantitative bibliographic analysis represents just the starting point of a literature analysis process. Further steps will aim at conducting a systematic literature review of ongoing debate on value co-creation within online communities and to propose and test a research model for investigating the determinants of value co-creation within online communities.

ABSTRACT. Social networks are a valuable source of information for applications spanning from business to politics, to security, to social good. However, studying social network features, like psychological attitudes of members and phenomena, like the evolution of groups and spreading of ideas and fake news, requires multi-disciplinary scientific skills that are not easy to acquire in the job market. Therefore a further effort is required to exploit such knowledge and create business or social value. In this context we propose a conceptual model to represent social networks and a research framework based on behavioral sci-ence and design science to deal with them. The framework has two goals: giving an overview of scientific foundations for social network analysis and providing some guidelines for social network research. A discussion on the practical implications of the proposed framework closes the paper.

ABSTRACT. A new model for the local spread of some token (e.g. malware between mobile computing devices, information in a mobile social network, rumours in a moving crowd) is introduced. The diffusion of the information is analyzed both empirically by a Monte Carlo method and analytically by mean field theory, revealing the existence of a phase transition. The results are compared and found in strong qualitative agreement.

ABSTRACT. This paper sheds light on an overlooked aspect of Digital Transformation processes and projects: the managerial competences necessary to make them happen, evolve and be achieved. Many technology maturity models are discussed in the literature, but little or no mention is done regarding how to model and assess the broader set of managerial competences (i.e., knowledge, skill and experience) besides the technical ones, which managerial roles should exhibit in each phase of the maturity models proposed. This paper discusses some of these maturity models and motivates a new one focused on Digital Transformation maturity in the direction of filling this gap. The model is then presented in its conceptual design as well as in its empirical assessment. A couple of pilot interviews to Italian companies are also discussed as a preliminary test of the main feelings about it and as a ground for our final refinements and future works upon it.

ABSTRACT. In 2018, I interviewed seven people from the ‘silent generation’ to find out what they thought about technology, whether they were averse to it, and why. Using this snap-shot image from Hornchurch Tapestry day care centre, this paper analyses the human activity system that frames how the elderly interact with the technology that surrounds them. It details what these interactions consist of, investigates how the participants view the purpose of the technology and explores how they ‘feel’ about their interactions with it. Ultimately, this paper challenges a societal assumption that elderly people are averse to information technology. The elderly use different technologies for different purposes and in different contexts. The Tapestry interviews highlight how critical family pressure was in determining how the elderly feel about information technology and their decisions to interact with it.

ABSTRACT. The resurgence of artificial intelligence (AI) has empowered organisations to concentrate their research efforts on enhancing decision-making and automation capabilities. This is being pursued with the goal of increasing productivity, whilst reducing costs. With this, it is perceived that jobs within an organisation considered to be subject to ‘routine’, or repetitive and mundane, are more likely to be automatable. However, it may be recognised that these jobs are more than a set of routine tasks. This study aims to address the concept of routineness from the perspective of the job occupants themselves. The findings reveal that jobs which are considered routine from an organizational perspective, realistically require a degree of human intervention. This suggests that fear of mass unemployment at the hands of AI may be an unrealistic notion. Rather, the introduction of AI into jobs paves the way for collaborative methods of working which could augment current jobs and create new jobs. Furthermore, this paper accentuates that the acceptance of AI by stakeholders requires an alignment of the technology with their own unique contextual needs.

ABSTRACT. Many companies now know and use various type of social media to interact and communicate with their customers, employees and business partners but little about how they should make good use of their social media content for enhancing business value. The purpose of this paper is to explore the Facebook marketing strategy by one of the successful SMEs in e-commerce fashion industry in Malaysia, FashionValet. This study uses Facebook content analysis to trigger the various marketing strategy approach such as product awareness, seasonal, promotional, brand awareness, customer service, contest and recruitment. It also highlighted the understanding of the important and relevant activities in engaging customers through Facebook. The NCapture feature for Nvivo Pro 11 was used to capture and analyse the content of Facebook posts. Understanding the strategic use of Facebook provides valuable insight into social media marketing strategy in e-commerce companies in general and fashion industry in particular.

ABSTRACT. Several studies state information systems lead to organisational benefits improving organisation efficiency and effectiveness. Cloud computing is nowadays an established strategy for adopting IS potentially providing many benefits. Among them IT costs savings are the most evident ones. However, literature remarks that the realisation of organizational benefits depends on contextual organizational factors, and requires organizational change. Thence, it may be disputed whether cloud computing is a way to accomplish organizational benefits of IS or just a cost reduction strategy. Taking this point of view, this paper presents the results of an exploratory comparative study analysing 23 cases of different enterprises who run a cloud computing strategy. Using fs/QCA as a method of analysis in a multiple cases setting, the research paper explores the organizational benefits following cloud adoption other than cost savings.

ABSTRACT. This research project is a preliminary study based on a literature review aiming at understanding the relevance, in a Big Data context, of the Business Intelligence and Business Analytics. We focus our attention on BI/BA as an instrument to support internal decision-making processes or the protection of external interests. The research will concern the progress of studies over time, identifying the research centers that dealt with the topic, the major journals for the research purpose and the main research lines. We consider the Web of Science database, and select 25 documents. According to this analysis, we identify three main streams of research concerning decision process challenges, competitive advantages and implementation methodologies. We also highlight the importance to develop research on the differences and the interconnections between BI and BA, the field of adoption of predictive and prescriptive models and the contribution to the development of the competitive advantages.

ABSTRACT. Distributed Ledger Technology - of which Blockchain is an example - is revolutionizing different sectors, creating new challenges and new opportunities. In this paper, we will investigate the impact of this technology on Accounting and Accounting Information Systems (AIS). The adoption of a Distributed Ledger Accounting presents extremely interesting characteristics, eliminating or redefining the role of entities external to the company, such as Banks, Insurance Companies, Certified Public Accountants and Auditors. Furthermore, we will try to outline the impact of this technology on AIS by hypothesising possible paths of development.

ABSTRACT. This study explores the role of crowdsourcing platforms as multivocal inscriptions, that is, collaboration-enabling artifacts that can be compatible with the practices, logics, and skills of different categories of actors. The case of a crowdsourcing intermediary in the fields of industrial design, craftsmanship and interior design confirms the importance of an intermediary organization that manages the platform and bridges the crowdsourcers, on the one side, and crowdsourcees, on the other side. In addition, this study leverages the case study to inductively develop a model of multivocality in crowdsourcing platforms. According to this model, a two-level multivocality (operational and strategic) is needed to address the fragilities of crowdsourcing; operational multivocality concretely enables collaborative interactions, whilst strategic multivocality aims to link the different goals, logics and pre-occupations of crowdsourcers, on the one side, and crowdsources, on the other side. This study contributes to the exploration of the complex dynamics that shape cooperation in crowdsourcing activity systems.

ABSTRACT. This paper introduces a methodology to combine relevant factors that guide the choice of cinemas’ users towards a certain type of movie, as well as to intercept the user profile for specific marketing campaigns. To this end it has been employed a Bayesian belief network that reveal to be useful for coding tacit knowledge emerging from expe- rience. BBNs have been applied to a dataset provided by a movie dis- tribution company that operates in multiplex cinemas throughout Italy, that collects users’ answers about their personal preferences, from vari- ous multiplexes on the national territory. Indeed, SMEs hold data with particular types of features that are not contained in general-purpose datasets but which are necessary for their specific business decisions, without being, therefore, experts in analytical or computer science sub- jects. Through the mediation of the Bayesian network mechanism the organisation brings together updated preferences from a collective of customers that express their tastes and, as such, contributing to a value co-creation initiative.

ABSTRACT. It is often believed that individual users in firm-hosted crowdsourcing communities who have succeeded in generating new ideas are more valuable for coproduction of idea. By using a formal analytical model based on the theory of sequential search, however, we find that those users who had high past success rate are not without a diminishing value in their future idea generation. We investigate the value of ideas posted by two different types of users: the active high-capable user with a high past success rate and casu-al low-capable user with a low past success rate. In the presence of a cogni-tive constraint of users, we prove that a higher past success rate makes the active user to contribute a more valuable idea, while a higher past success rate has a curvilinear effect on the success rate of the casual user. The cogni-tive constraint of users, however, can be at least partly mitigated by the of-ten-overlooked coproduction efforts from other users in the crowdsourcing community. Empirical data from Dell IdeaStorm provides supportive evi-dence for these predictions from our model. Taken together, our study offers new insights on how a user’s cost structure influences his future success of ideation.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of the research is to outline a preliminary profile of female DiDIY workers. Based on a sample of 591 women, mainly employed in public administrations, the study analyses women approach to digital technologies and DiDIY. It acknowledges the existence of female DiDIY workers and contributes to shedding light on their personal characteristics and on the organizational conditions that foster DiDIY activity. As far as the personal characteristics are concerned, female DiDIY workers are digitally literate and highly aware of their skills, they define themselves as curious and eager to innovate. They declare to have acquired their digital skills mainly on the field and/or they are self-taught. They pursue DiDIY mainly for professional purposes, qualify themselves as expert amateur and are proud and conscious of their potential contribution to the improvement of their lives and their workplace. As far as the organizational conditions are concerned, female DiDIY workers - that emerge in participative cultures- are concentrated in those jobs that mainly link the company to the external environment (Marketing, Customer Care, Research & Development). Though based on a particular sample, the study confirms previous contributions on DiDIYer, but it outlines, as well, new issues and thus further research paths and managerial implications.

ABSTRACT. While the bulk of the literature on intellectual capital focuses on its role as a source of competitive advantage, fewer studies have analyzed the mechanisms through which human, social and organizational capital translate into high organizational performance. Drawing on the resource-based view and intellectual capital research, this paper aims to analyze how the adoption of e-HRM tools and performance pay affects the contribution of intellectual capital to organizational performance. The analysis performed on a sample of 168 Italian large organizations from the CRANET survey (2015) shows that intellectual capital and performance pay systems are positively related to organizational performance. However, in contexts of high intellectual capital, the combined presence of high level of performance pay and e-HRM nullifies the positive impact of intellectual capital on performance, whereas in contexts of low intellectual capital they lead to higher performance. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.

ABSTRACT. Corporate identity is often defined as “what an organization is”. This concept relates to organizational identity. However, while organizational identity has an internal employee focus, corporate identity has an external focus. As such, it is often used as a synonym to organizational image that organizations project externally. Social media have created a multitude of ways for organizations, as well as for their employees, independently, to develop and disseminate corporate identity. However, although there have already been attempts to explore the role of employees’ personal social media profiles in projecting organizational identity externally, little is still known about how organizations use their social media profiles for these purposes. This empirical research, which is part of a broader doctoral research focusing on organizational identity and social media, aims to address this gap. Building on previous corporate identity and social media research, and adopting an existing framework explaining the relationship between social media and corporate identity, it analyses social media profiles of 12 international HR consulting companies. In particular, it explores the platforms they use, type of content they publish, their approaches for stakeholder engagement and interaction for building stronger organizational image/corporate identity. Diverse off-the-shelf applications were used for collecting social media data for the period between January and December 2017. We expect that the results of our analysis will help to understand how organizations (specifically HR consulting companies) use social media to project and strengthen their corporate identity, and what organizations from other sectors can learn from them.

ABSTRACT. This paper offers a literature investigation on Organizational Learning processes stemming from Organizational Change initiatives, based on SNA analysis of bibliometric data. The intentionally open, incomplete and question-provoking research outcomes offered by this initial literature analysis represent form one hand a limit, from the other hand they may be seen as an opportunity to listen to the voice of the research community, to collect new ideas and suggestions before proceeding forward towards a better understanding of the fascinating phenomena at the intersection of organizational change and learning.

ABSTRACT. The use of big data in organizations involves numerous decisions on the business and technical side. While the assessment of technical choices has been studied introducing technical benchmarking approaches, the study of the value of big data and of the impact of business key performance indicators (KPI) on technical choices is still an open problem. The paper discusses a general analysis framework for analyzing big data projects wrt both technical and business performance indicators, and presents the results emerging from a first empirical analysis conducted within European companies and research centers within the European DataBench project and the activities of the benchmarking working group of the Big Data Value Association (BDVA). An analysis method is presented, discussing the impact of confidence and support measurements and two directions of analysis are studied: the impact of business KPIs on technical parameters and the study of most important indicators both on the business and on the technical side, for specific industry sectors, with the goal of identifying the most relevant design criteria.